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Compensation

What is carried interest? And who earns it? Carried interest, also known as “incentive allocation” or simply “carry,” is the percentage of fund profits charged to the investors as an incentive fee (on top of management fees). Carried interest is the proverbial “carrot” that keeps PE fund general partners striving for better performance.

Most funds typically allocate around 20 percent of the funds profits for carried interest. But the recent turmoil in the markets and less-than-stellar performance figures have put downward pressure on this benchmark over the past two years.

How is carried interest distributed among PE fund professionals? Unlike the hedge fund industry, where 70 percent of a fund’s staff may not receive any upside on performance, 52 percent of private equity professionals reported that they received some level of carry. That’s according to the 2010 Private Equity Compensation Report, published by JobSearchDigest.com

How is carry shared?

27 percent of Associates and 48 percent of Senior Associates reported receiving some carry, although typically at a level of 2 percent or less. Those with carry reported having a holding period of roughly 4 years before they were fully vested in their carried interest.

Perhaps the greatest indicator of whether you will receive carry at a PE firm is how much work experience you have. More experience translates into more senior positions, thus greater carry. The majority of private equity professionals with 10 years or more of work experience have some level of carry as part of their compensation package.

You can read the full 2010 Private Equity Compensation Report at
www.PrivateEquityCompensation.com

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No less than the president and the CEO of the noted Kaufman Foundation, the $1.8 billion endowment fund that promotes entrepreneurship, are saying that the current venture capital compensation model is broken.

In an article in Business Week, Carl Schramm and Harold Bradley say the prominence of American venture capital has taken a tumble from its heyday in 2000. The industry that spawned such successes as Apple, Cisco, Google and Microsoft, only invested $4.8 billion into 637 companies in 2009 (and that’s down 33 percent from 2008).

Schramm and Bradley believe the “2 and 20” formula (2 percent of annual management fees and 20 percent of profits on exit) is to blame. The formula worked well two decades ago, when most VC investors were wealthy individuals with “patient capital,” who were willing to wait 10 years for a start-up to blossom. But in the past decade, more and more institutional money has flooded into the VC industry. These big corporate and public pension fund investors are willing to commit huge chunks of money on the same 2 and 20 terms. But the higher capital volumes generate sizeable management fees for VC funds, which encourages VCs to focus more on raising funds than on nurturing start-ups along the long road to success.

And since institutional investors are under pressure to show short-term returns, VC funds started “flipping” their start-ups after just a few years, to create quick payoffs.

Schramm and Bradley believe that forcing VC funds to hold onto their best portfolio companies longer … and forcing them to put more of their own “skin” in the game, in terms of partnership money, would help. The full article is worth reading at BusinessWeek.

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